Labarai - Binciken matsalar alaƙa tsakanin na'urorin samar da dizal da ajiyar makamashi

Anan akwai cikakken bayani na Ingilishi game da muhimman batutuwa guda huɗu game da haɗin gwiwar saitin janareta na diesel da tsarin ajiyar makamashi. Wannan tsarin makamashi na matasan (wanda aka fi sani da "Diesel + Storage" matasan microgrid) shine ci-gaba bayani don inganta inganci, rage yawan man fetur, da kuma tabbatar da samar da wutar lantarki, amma sarrafa shi yana da matukar rikitarwa.

Mahimman Abubuwan Tattaunawa

100ms Reverse Power Problem: Yadda za a hana ajiyar makamashi daga ikon ciyar da baya zuwa janareta na diesel, don haka kare shi.
Fitar Wutar Wuta: Yadda ake kiyaye injin dizal yana gudana akai-akai a yankinsa mai inganci.
Cire Haɗin Ma'ajiyar Makamashi ba zato ba tsammani: Yadda ake ɗaukar tasirin lokacin da tsarin ajiyar makamashi ya faɗi ba zato ba tsammani daga hanyar sadarwa.
Matsalolin Wutar Lantarki: Yadda ake daidaita raba wutar lantarki tsakanin hanyoyin biyu don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali.

1. Matsalar Juya Wuta ta 100ms

Bayanin Matsala:
Juya wutar lantarki yana faruwa lokacin da wutar lantarki ke gudana daga tsarin ajiyar makamashi (ko lodi) baya zuwa saitin janareta na diesel. Ga injin dizal, wannan yana aiki kamar “motar,” yana tuƙin injin. Wannan yana da haɗari sosai kuma yana iya haifar da:

Lalacewar Injini: Rashin tuƙin injin na iya lalata abubuwa kamar ƙugiya da sandunan haɗi.
Rashin zaman lafiyar tsarin: Yana haifar da sauyi a cikin saurin injin dizal (yawanci) da ƙarfin lantarki, mai yuwuwar haifar da rufewa.

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don warware shi a cikin 100ms yana wanzu saboda masu samar da dizal suna da manyan inertia na inji kuma tsarin tafiyar da saurin su yana amsawa a hankali (yawanci akan tsari na daƙiƙa). Ba za su iya dogara da kansu don murkushe wannan wutar lantarki da sauri ba. Dole ne a gudanar da aikin ta Tsarin Canjin Wuta mai sauri (PCS) na tsarin ajiyar makamashi.

Magani:

Mahimmin Ƙa'idar: "Diesel yana jagorantar, ajiya yana biye." A cikin duka tsarin, saitin janareta na diesel yana aiki azaman ƙarfin lantarki da tushen tunani (watau yanayin sarrafa V/F), kwatankwacin “grid.” Tsarin ajiyar makamashi yana aiki a Yanayin Sarrafa Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (PQ), inda ikon fitar da shi ke ƙayyade ta hanyar umarni daga babban mai sarrafawa.
Dabarun Gudanarwa:
1. Kulawa na lokaci-lokaci: Mai sarrafa tsarin (ko PCS ɗin ajiya kanta) yana lura da ikon fitarwa (P_dizal) da kuma jagorancin janareta na diesel a ainihin lokacin a cikin sauri mai girma (misali, sau dubbai a cikin dakika).
2. Wutar Wuta: Wutar wutar lantarki don tsarin ajiyar makamashi (P_saitin) dole ne gamsu:P_load(ƙarfin lodi duka) =P_dizal+P_saitin.
3. Saurin daidaitawa: Lokacin da kaya ya ragu ba zato ba tsammani, yana haifar daP_dizalzuwa yanayin da ba daidai ba, dole ne mai sarrafawa a cikin ƴan miliyon daƙiƙai ya aika umarni zuwa PCS na ajiya don rage ƙarfin fitarwa nan da nan ko kuma ya canza zuwa ɗaukar iko (caji). Wannan yana ɗaukar ƙarin kuzari a cikin batura, yana tabbatarwaP_dizalya kasance tabbatacce.
Kare Fasaha:
- Sadarwa mai Sauri: Ƙa'idodin sadarwa mai sauri (misali, CAN bas, Ethernet mai sauri) ana buƙatar tsakanin mai sarrafa diesel, PCS na ajiya, da mai sarrafa tsarin don tabbatar da ɗan jinkirin umarni.
- Amsa Mai sauri na PCS: Rukunin PCS na ma'ajiya na zamani suna da lokutan amsa wutar lantarki da sauri fiye da 100ms, sau da yawa cikin 10ms, yana sa su cikakken iya biyan wannan buƙatu.
- Kariya mai yawa: Bayan hanyar haɗin kai, ana shigar da wutar lantarki mai jujjuya gudu a yawan injin janareta na diesel azaman shingen kayan masarufi na ƙarshe. Koyaya, lokacin aikinsa na iya zama 'yan millise seconds ɗari, don haka yana aiki da farko azaman kariyar ajiya; ainihin kariyar sauri ta dogara da tsarin sarrafawa.

2. Fitar da Wutar Lantarki

Bayanin Matsala:
Injin dizal suna aiki a mafi ƙarancin ingancin mai da mafi ƙarancin hayaƙi a cikin kewayon nauyi kusan 60% -80% na ƙimar ƙarfinsu. Ƙananan kaya yana haifar da "rigar tari" da haɓakar carbon, yayin da manyan lodi yana ƙara yawan amfani da man fetur kuma yana rage tsawon rayuwa. Manufar ita ce ware man dizal daga jujjuyawar lodi, kiyaye shi a daidai lokacin da ya dace.

Magani:

Dabarun Gudanarwa "Kololuwar Shaving da Cike Kwarin":
1. Saita Basepoint: Saitin janareta na diesel ana sarrafa shi a daidaitaccen wutar lantarki da aka saita a mafi kyawun wurin aikinsa (misali, 70% na ƙimar wutar lantarki).
2. Dokokin Adanawa:
  - Lokacin Buƙatar Load> Diesel Setpoint: ƙarancin iko (P_load - P_diesel_set) an ƙara shi ta hanyar cajin tsarin ajiyar makamashi.
  - Lokacin Buƙatar Load < Diesel Setpoint: Ƙarfin wuce gona da iri (P_diesel_set - P_load) ana ɗauka ta hanyar cajin tsarin ajiyar makamashi.
Fa'idodin Tsarin:
- Injin dizal yana aiki akai-akai cikin inganci mai inganci, cikin kwanciyar hankali, yana tsawaita rayuwarsa kuma yana rage farashin kulawa.
- Tsarin ajiyar makamashi yana sassaukar da sauye-sauye masu nauyi, yana hana rashin aiki da lalacewa ta hanyar sauye-sauyen ɗimbin dizal akai-akai.
- Gabaɗaya amfani da man fetur ya ragu sosai.

3. Kwatsam Katsewar Ma'ajiyar Makamashi

Bayanin Matsala:
Tsarin ajiyar makamashi na iya faduwa ba zato ba tsammani a layi saboda gazawar baturi, kuskuren PCS, ko balaguron kariya. Wutar da ma'ajiyar ke sarrafa a baya (ko samarwa ko cinyewa) ana canjawa wuri gaba ɗaya zuwa saitin janareta na dizal, yana haifar da girgizar wuta mai girma.

Hatsari:

Idan ma'ajiyar tana fitarwa (yana goyan bayan lodi), cire haɗin sa yana canja wurin cikakken kaya zuwa dizal, mai yuwuwar haifar da kitsewa, raguwar mita (gudu), da kuma rufewar kariya.
Idan ma'ajiyar tana caji (yana ɗaukar ƙarfin da ya wuce kima), katsewar sa yana barin wuce gona da iri na dizal ɗin ba tare da inda za a je ba, yana iya haifar da juyar da wuta da wuce gona da iri, shima yana haifar da rufewa.

Magani:

Diesel Side Spinning Reserve: Saitin janareta na diesel bai kamata ya zama girmansa ba kawai don mafi kyawun wurin aikinsa. Dole ne ya kasance yana da ƙarfin kayan aiki mai ƙarfi. Misali, idan matsakaicin nauyin tsarin shine 1000kW kuma dizal yana gudana a 700kW, ƙimar ƙimar diesel ɗin dole ne ya zama mafi girman 700kW + mafi girman ƙarfin mataki (ko max ɗin ajiyar ajiya), misali, naúrar 1000kW da aka zaɓa, tana ba da buffer 300kW don gazawar ajiya.
Sarrafa lodi mai sauri:
1. Kulawa na Gaskiya na Tsari: Ci gaba da lura da matsayi da wutar lantarki na tsarin ajiya.
2. Gano Laifi: Bayan gano cire haɗin ma'ajiyar kwatsam, mai sarrafa mai nan da nan ya aika da siginar rage nauyi mai sauri zuwa mai sarrafa dizal.
3. Martanin Diesel: Mai sarrafa dizal yana aiki nan da nan (misali, da sauri rage allurar mai) don ƙoƙarin rage wutar lantarki don dacewa da sabon kaya. Ƙarfin ajiyar juyi yana siyan lokaci don wannan martanin injina a hankali.
Dabbobin Ƙarshe: Zubar da Load: Idan girgizar wutar ta yi girma da yawa don dizal ya iya ɗauka, mafi ingantaccen kariya shine zubar da kaya marasa mahimmanci, ba da fifiko ga amincin manyan kaya da janareta kanta. Tsarin zubar da kaya shine mahimmancin kariya a cikin tsarin tsarin.

4. Matsalar Ƙarfin Ƙarfi

Bayanin Matsala:
Ana amfani da ƙarfin amsawa don kafa filayen maganadisu kuma yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye kwanciyar hankali a tsarin AC. Duka janareta na diesel da PCS na ajiya suna buƙatar shiga cikin ƙa'idar amsawa.

Diesel Generator: Yana sarrafa fitarwar wutar lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar daidaita ƙarfin halin yanzu. Ƙarfin sa na amsawa yana da iyaka, kuma martaninsa yana jinkirin.
Ma'ajiyar PCS: Yawancin rukunin PCS na zamani suna da huɗu huɗu, ma'ana za su iya yin allura da kansu da sauri ko kuma ɗaukar ƙarfin amsawa (idan har ba su wuce ƙimar ƙarfin su na kVA ba).

Kalubale: Yadda ake haɗa duka biyun don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba.

Magani:

Dabarun Gudanarwa:
1. Diesel Governs Voltage: Saitin janareta na diesel an saita shi zuwa yanayin V/F, alhakin kafa ƙarfin wutar lantarki da tsarin mita. Yana ba da tabbataccen “tushen wutar lantarki.”
2. Ajiye Yana Shiga Cikin Ƙa'idar Reactive (Na zaɓi):
  - Yanayin PQ: Ma'ajiyar tana sarrafa ikon aiki kawai (P), tare da mayar da martani (Q) saita zuwa sifili. Diesel yana ba da duk ƙarfin amsawa. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi amma tana ɗaukar nauyin dizal.
  - Yanayin Aiwatar da Wutar Lantarki: Mai kula da tsarin yana aika umarnin wutar lantarki (Q_saitin) zuwa PCS ɗin ajiya dangane da yanayin ƙarfin lantarki na yanzu. Idan tsarin wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa, umurci ma'ajin don allurar ƙarfin amsawa; idan babba, umurce shi da ya sha karfin amsawa. Wannan yana sauke nauyin dizal, yana ba shi damar mayar da hankali kan fitarwar wutar lantarki, yayin da yake samar da ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki da sauri.
  - Yanayin Sarrafa Wutar Lantarki (PF): An saita ma'aunin ƙarfin manufa (misali, 0.95), kuma ma'ajiyar tana daidaita aikinta ta atomatik don kula da ma'aunin wutar lantarki akai-akai a tashoshin janareta na diesel.
La'akari da iyawa: Dole ne a yi girman PCS ɗin ajiya tare da isasshiyar ƙarfin wutar lantarki (kVA). Misali, 500kW PCS yana fitar da 400kW na ƙarfin aiki zai iya samar da matsakaicinsqrt (500² - 400²) = 300kVarna amsawa ikon. Idan buƙatar mai amsawa ta yi girma, ana buƙatar PCS mafi girma.

Takaitawa

Nasarar samun daidaiton haɗin kai tsakanin saitin janareta na diesel da ma'aunin ajiyar makamashi akan sarrafa tsarin mulki:

Layer Hardware: Zaɓi PCS ma'ajiya mai sauri da mai sarrafa janareta na diesel tare da mu'amalar sadarwa mai sauri.
Sarrafa Layer: Yi amfani da mahimman gine-gine na "Diesel ya saita V/F, Adana yana yin PQ." Mai sarrafa tsarin mai sauri yana aiwatar da aika wutar lantarki na ainihin lokaci don ƙarfin aiki "kololuwar shaving/cikawar kwari" da goyan bayan wutar lantarki.
Layer Kariya: Tsarin tsarin dole ne ya haɗa da cikakkun tsare-tsaren kariya: juyar da kariyar wutar lantarki, kariya ta wuce gona da iri, da dabarun sarrafa kaya (har ma da zubar da kaya) don aiwatar da cire haɗin ajiya kwatsam.

Ta hanyar hanyoyin magance matsalolin da aka bayyana a sama, za a iya magance mahimman batutuwa guda huɗu da kuka ta da su yadda ya kamata don gina ingantaccen, tsayayye, amintaccen tsarin ma'ajiyar makamashin diesel-makamashi.