Busasshen mai tsarkake shaye-shaye, wanda aka fi sani daMatatar Man Fetur ta Diesel (DPF)ko busasshen mai tsarkake hayaki baƙi, na'urar tsarkake hayaki ce ta asali bayan magani da ake amfani da ita don cirewaƙwayoyin cuta (PM)musammanhayakin carbon (baƙin hayaki), dagajanareta na dizalShaye-shaye. Yana aiki ta hanyar tacewa ta zahiri ba tare da dogaro da wani ƙarin ruwa ba, shi ya sa ake kiran kalmar "bushewa."
I. Ka'idar Aiki: Tacewa ta zahiri da kuma sake farfaɗowa
Za a iya taƙaita ƙa'idar aikinsa a matsayin matakai uku:"Kama - Tara - Sake Farfadowa."
- Kamawa (Tacewa):
- Iskar gas mai yawan zafin jiki daga injin tana shiga cikin mai tsarkakewa kuma tana gudana ta cikin wani abu mai tacewa da aka yi da yumbu mai ramuka (misali, cordierite, silicon carbide) ko ƙarfe mai sintered.
- Bangon abin tacewa an rufe shi da ƙananan ramuka (yawanci ƙasa da micron 1), wanda ke ba da damar iskar gas (misali, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, tururin ruwa) su ratsa ta amma su kama mafi girma.barbashi masu tauri (tot, toka) da kuma sassan halitta masu narkewa (SOF)a ciki ko a saman matatar.
- Tara:
- Barbashin da aka makale a hankali suna taruwa a cikin matatar, suna samar da "kek ɗin toka." Yayin da tarin ya ƙaru, matsin lamba na bayan shaye-shayen yana ƙaruwa a hankali.
- Sake haifarwa:
- Idan matsin lamba na baya na shaye-shayen ya kai iyaka da aka saita (wanda ke shafar aikin injin), dole ne tsarin ya fara aiki"sake farfadowa"tsari don ƙona toka da ta tara a cikin matatar, yana maido da ƙarfin tacewa.
- Sabuntawa shine babban tsari, wanda aka fi samu ta hanyar:
- Sabuntawa Mai Sauƙi: Idan na'urar janareta ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin babban kaya, zafin hayakin zai tashi ta halitta (yawanci sama da 350°C). Tokar da aka makale tana amsawa da nitrogen oxides (NO₂) a cikin iskar shakar kuma tana ƙonewa (yana ƙonewa a hankali). Wannan tsari yana ci gaba amma yawanci bai isa ba don cikakken tsaftacewa.
- Sabuntawar Aiki: Ana fara shi da ƙarfi lokacin da matsin lamba na baya ya yi yawa kuma zafin shaye-shaye bai isa ba.
- Mai taimakawa wajen ƙona mai (Burner): Ana allurar ƙaramin dizal a sama da DPF kuma mai ƙonawa yana kunna shi, wanda hakan ke ɗaga zafin iskar gas da ke shiga DPF zuwa sama da digiri 600 na Celsius, wanda ke haifar da iskar shaka da ƙonewar toka cikin sauri.
- Sabunta Hita ta Lantarki: Ana dumama sinadarin matatar zuwa wurin kunna toka ta amfani da abubuwan dumama na lantarki.
- Sabuntawar Microwave: Yana amfani da makamashin microwave don dumama barbashi masu ƙura.
II. Babban Abubuwan da ke Ciki
Tsarin tsarkakewa na busasshe cikakke yawanci ya haɗa da:
- Sinadarin Tace DPF: Na'urar tacewa ta tsakiya.
- Na'urar Firikwensin Matsi Mai Bambanci (Sama/Ƙasa): Yana lura da bambancin matsin lamba a fadin matatar, yana tantance matakin nauyin toka, kuma yana haifar da siginar farfadowa.
- Na'urori masu auna zafin jiki: Kula da yanayin zafi na shiga/fitowa don sarrafa tsarin sake farfaɗowa da kuma hana lalacewar da ke ƙara zafi.
- Tsarin Farfadowa da Tsarin Sarrafawa: Yana sarrafa farawa da dakatar da shirin sabuntawa ta atomatik bisa ga sigina daga na'urori masu auna matsin lamba da zafin jiki.
- Mai kunna sabuntawa: Kamar injin allurar dizal, injin ƙona wuta, na'urar dumama wutar lantarki, da sauransu.
- Tsarin Gidaje & Rufewa: Don rage matsin lamba da kuma riƙe zafi.
III. Amfani da Rashin Amfani
| Fa'idodi | Rashin amfani |
| Ingantaccen Cire Kura Mai Kyau: Ingantaccen tacewa mai ƙarfi ga toka (hayaƙi baƙi), zai iya kaiwa >95%, yana rage baƙin Ringelmann zuwa matakin 0-1. | Yana ƙara matsin lamba na baya: Yana shafar ingancin numfashin injin, yana iya haifar da ɗan ƙaruwa a yawan amfani da mai (kimanin 1-3%). |
| Ba a buƙatar ruwa mai amfani: Ba kamar SCR ba (wanda ke buƙatar urea), yana buƙatar wutar lantarki da ƙaramin adadin dizal kawai don sake farfaɗowa yayin aiki, ba tare da ƙarin kuɗin amfani ba. | Gyara Mai Tsari: Yana buƙatar tsaftace toka lokaci-lokaci (cire tokar da ba ta ƙonewa) da kuma duba ta. Rashin sake farfaɗowa na iya haifar da toshewar matattara ko narkewar ta. |
| Tsarin Karami: Tsarin yana da sauƙi, yana da ƙaramin sawun ƙafa, kuma yana da sauƙin shigarwa. | Mai Sauƙin Ingancin Man Fetur: Yawan sinadarin sulfur a cikin dizal yana samar da sinadarin sulfates, kuma yawan sinadarin toka yana hanzarta toshewar matatun, wanda ke shafar tsawon rai da kuma aiki. |
| Manufar PM Ainihin: Na'ura mafi inganci kuma mafi inganci don magance hayakin baƙi da ake gani da kuma ƙwayoyin cuta. | Ba ya magance NOx: Ainihin yana kai hari ga ƙwayoyin cuta; yana da iyakacin tasiri akan nitrogen oxides. Yana buƙatar haɗuwa da tsarin SCR don cikakken bin ƙa'idodi. |
| Ya dace da Aiki na Lokaci-lokaci: Idan aka kwatanta da SCR wanda ke buƙatar yanayin zafi mai ɗorewa, DPF ya fi dacewa da zagayowar ayyuka daban-daban. | Babban Zuba Jari na Farko: Musamman ga masu tsarkakewa da ake amfani da su a kan na'urorin janareta masu ƙarfin lantarki. |
IV. Babban Yanayin Aikace-aikace
- Wurare masu ƙa'idojin fitar da hayaki mai tsanani: Ajiye wutar lantarki ga cibiyoyin bayanai, asibitoci, manyan otal-otal, gine-ginen ofisoshi, da sauransu, don hana gurɓatar hayakin baƙi.
- Birane da Yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a: Domin bin ƙa'idodin muhalli na gida da kuma guje wa koke-koke.
- Saitin Janareta da aka Shigar a Cikin Gida: Yana da mahimmanci don tsarkake hayaki don tabbatar da ingancin iska a cikin gida da kuma amincin tsarin iska.
- Masana'antu na Musamman: Tashoshin sadarwa, hakar ma'adinai a ƙarƙashin ƙasa (nau'in da ba ya fashewa), jiragen ruwa, tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da sauransu.
- A Matsayin Wani Bangare na Tsarin Haɗaka: An haɗa shi da SCR (don denitrification) da DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) don cika ƙa'idodin fitarwa na ƙasa na IV/V ko mafi girma.
V. Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Tunani
- Man Fetur da Man Inji: Dole ne a yi amfani da shidizal mai ƙarancin sulfur(zai fi kyau a sami sinadarin sulfur ƙasa da 10ppm) da kumaMan injin mai ƙarancin toka (matakin CJ-4 ko sama da haka)Yawan sulfur da toka sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da gubar DPF, toshewarta, da kuma raguwar tsawon rai.
- Yanayin Aiki: Guji aiki na dogon lokaci na janareta da aka saita a ƙananan kaya. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin yanayin zafi na shaye-shaye, yana hana sake farfadowa da aiki ba tare da amfani ba da kuma haifar da sake farfadowa mai aiki akai-akai mai buƙatar makamashi.
- Kulawa da Kulawa:
- A kula sosaimatsin lamba na baya na shaye-shayekumafitilun nuna sabuntawa.
- Yi aiki na yau da kullunƙwararrun sabis na tsaftace toka(ta amfani da iska mai matsewa ko kayan aikin tsaftacewa na musamman) don cire tokar ƙarfe (calcium, zinc, phosphorus, da sauransu).
- Kafa bayanan kulawa, yin rikodin yawan sake farfaɗowa da canje-canjen matsin lamba na baya.
- Daidaita Tsarin: Dole ne a zaɓi mai tsarkakewa kuma a daidaita shi bisa ga takamaiman samfurin saitin janareta, canjin wurin aiki, ƙarfin da aka ƙima, da kuma yawan kwararar hayaki. Daidaitawa mara kyau yana shafar aiki da rayuwar injin sosai.
- Tsaro: A lokacin sake farfaɗowa, zafin gidan mai tsarkakewa yana da matuƙar girma. Ingantaccen rufin zafi, alamun gargaɗi, da kuma nisantar kayan da za su iya kama da wuta suna da mahimmanci.
Takaitaccen Bayani
Mai tsarkake shaye-shaye busasshe (DPF) wani abu ne dafasaha mai inganci, ta yau da kullundon warwarewahayakin baƙi da ake gani da gurɓataccen abudagasaitin janareta na dizalYana kama hayakin carbon ta hanyar tacewa ta zahiri kuma yana aiki ta hanyar zagaye ta hanyar sake farfaɗo da yanayin zafi mai yawa. Nasarar amfani da shi ya dogara sosai akanDaidaitaccen girma, ingantaccen ingancin mai, yanayin aiki na janareta mai dacewa, da kuma kulawa mai tsauri lokaci-lokaciLokacin zaɓar da amfani da DPF, ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na tsarin saitin injin-janar.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-16-2025
